[42] In 1515, Ulrich killed an imperial knight and lover of Sabina's by the name of Hans von Hutten,[43] obliging her to flee to the court of her brother, William IV, Duke of Bavaria, who successfully had Ulrich placed under Imperial ban twice. Education It currently houses around 8000 animals and some 5000 plant species and contains the biggest magnolia grove in Europe. [104] There was, however, a camp located in Stuttgart-West that, until its closure and transportation of internees to Heidenheim an der Brenz in 1949, housed almost exclusively 1400 Jewish survivors of the Shoah. That same year, Ulrich was soundly defeated and he was driven into exile in France and Switzerland following the League's conquest of Württemberg. [37] A year after the city became the principal seat of the Counts of Württemberg in 1320,[25] the city was granted status as a city and given civic rights. Stuttgart has a light rail system known as the Stuttgart Stadtbahn. Stuttgart (Swabian: Schtuegord or Schduagert) is a city in Germany. "[21] 40% of Stuttgart's residents, and 64% of the population below the age of five, are of immigrant background. For the first time in centuries, Duke Eberhard Ludwig moved the seat of the Duchy out of the declining city of Stuttgart in 1718 to Ludwigsburg, founded in 1704, while the namesake Baroque palace, known as the "Versailles of Swabia",[56] was still under construction. Beyond bridges over an adjacent main road lies the final Green U park, Killesbergpark or 'Höhenpark' which is a former quarry that was converted for the Third Reich garden show of 1939 (and was used as a collection point for Jews awaiting transportation to concentration camps). [144] For example, Gaisburger Marsch is a stew that was invented in Stuttgart's Gaisburg area of Stuttgart East. The nature of Stuttgart's hilly landscape often makes changes in the city's height. After 1811 this role was fulfilled by a City Director or 'Stadtdirektor'. [165], The city of Stuttgart is administratively divided into 23 city districts[166] â five "inner" districts and 18 "outer" districts. At the height of the Cold War over 45,000 Americans were stationed across over 40 installations in and around the city. [132][133] On average, Stuttgart enjoys 1,807 hours of sunshine per year and an average annual temperature of 9 °C (48 °F). Towards the end of the 15th century, Count Ulrich V began construction of a new suburb on the northeastern edge of the city around the Dominican monastery Hospitalkirche. 503 likes. As well as being the largest square in Stuttgart, it stands at the crossover point between the city's shopping area, Schlossgarten park which runs down to the river Neckar, Stuttgart's two central castles and major museums and residential areas to the south west. Stuttgart was proclaimed capital once more when Württemberg became an electorate in 1803,[26] and was yet again named as capital when the Kingdom of Württemberg was formed in 1805 by the Peace of Pressburg.[62][63]. In the Feuersee area in the west of Stuttgart lies one of two 'Feuersee's (literally fire lakes), striking for its views of the Johanneskirche (St. Johns) church across the lake, surrounded by nearby houses and offices. Generally, the majority of the population can be found in the records. The park has been used to stage many gardening shows since the 1950s, including the Bundesgartenschau and 1993 International Gardening Show, and runs miniature trains all around the park in the summer months for children and adults. 39% of foreign nationals come from the European Union (mostly Italy, Greece, and Poland). In October 2009 the Stuttgart Ministry of Agriculture announced that the European Union was to officially recognise the pasta dish Maultaschen as a "regional specialty", thus marking its significance to the cultural heritage of Baden-Württemberg. The city district of Bad Cannstatt is twinned with:[181], The city district of Vaihingen is twinned with:[181], The city district of Zuffenhausen is twinned with:[181], Stuttgart has friendly relations with:[181], The 216-metre (709-foot) Fernsehturm Stuttgart at night, Romantic view on the downtown area seen from upper Lenzhalde, The Haus der Wirtschaft (House of Commerce), The mild climate and hilly landscape are perfect for viticulture, as the Romans discovered. Understand . [64] Within Stuttgart, the royal residence was expanded under Frederick although many of Stuttgart's most important buildings, including Wilhelm Palace, Katharina Hospital, the State Gallery, the Villa Berg and the Königsbau were built under the reign of King Wilhelm I. The archived material is in principle open to the public and can be consulted in the reading room in Bellingweg 21 in Bad Cannstatt. [77] Almost 45% of Baden-Württemberg scientists involved in R&D are based directly in the Swabian capital. [76] By 1874, Stuttgart once again exceeded the 100,000 inhabitant mark. The whole compound, with its ornate pavilions, greenhouses, walls and gardens was built around 1850 as a summer palace in moorish style for King Wilhelm I of Württemberg. Klett favored the idea of a modernist Automotive city with functional divisions for residential, commercial and industrial areas according to the Athens Charter. The Württembergische Landesbibliothek (WLB) is one of two state libraries for Baden-Württemberg. [citation needed], Stuttgart also has its own rail freight centre with marshalling yards and a container terminal in the Obertürkheim area of Hedelfingen. Filderstadt is in the Stuttgart Region of Germany. [48], The Thirty Years' War devastated the city,[49] and it would slowly decline for a period of time from then on. Early in the 3rd century the Romans were pushed by the Alamanni … He commissioned the construction of the New Castle in 1746,[57] Castle Solitude in 1763,[58] Castle Hohenheim in 1785,[59] and the Karlsschule in 1770. The nearby court at Archive Street (German: ArchivstraÃe) 12A was also used as a central location for executions in Southwest Germany, as the headstone located in its atrium dedicated to the 419 lives lost there recalls. Get in By train . In the winter temperatures are quite mild, with daily means never sinking below 0 °C (32 °F) even in the coldest months (January and February). More than half of the population today is not of Swabian background, as many non-Swabian Germans have moved here due to the employment situation, which is far better than in most areas of Germany. [40][41] Despite this and his rivalry with the Swabian League, his undoing would actually come in the form of his unhappy marriage to Sabina of Bavaria. [24] Eberhard I, then Count Eberhard V, became the first Duke of Württemberg[d] in 1495,[26] and made Stuttgart the seat of the Duchy of Württemberg in addition to the County thereof. Planted by King William I of Württemberg, it contains many old trees and open areas and counts as the largest English-style garden in southern Germany. The summers are warm with an average temperature of 20 °C (68 °F) in the hottest months of July and August. [128] The city is often described as being "zwischen Wald und Reben", or "between forest and vines" because of its viticulture and surrounding forests. The heaviest raid took place on 12 September 1944, when the Royal Air Force, dropping over 184,000 bombs â including 75 blockbusters â levelled Stuttgart's city centre, killing 957 people in the resulting firestorm. [73] Two years later, the current iteration of the Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof was completed according to plan by Paul Bonatz from 1914 to 1927. Stuttgart dating guide advises how to pick up German girls and how to hookup with local women in Stuttgart. Stammheim Prison, built from 1959 to 1963, came to be the place of incarceration for Ulrike Meinhof, Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin, and Jan-Carl Raspe, members of a communist terrorist organization known as the Red Army Faction, during their trial at the Oberlandesgericht Stuttgart in 1975. 10th in Europe and third in Germany, behind Munich and Berlin. The modern park stretches down to the river Neckar and is divided into the upper garden (bordering the Old Castle, the Main Station, the State Theater and the State Parliament building), and the middle and lower gardens â a total of 61 hectares. See also the related chat forum topic: English cinemas in Stuttgart Meinhof had by this point already committed suicide via hanging in her cell, 9 May 1976. It regularly stages opera, ballet and theatre productions as well as concerts. Stuttgart's viticulture, first documented in the Holy Roman Empire in the year 1108 AD,[30] kept people in the area of that stud farm for some time, but the area was still largely overshadowed by nearby Cannstatt because of its role as a local crossroad for many major European trade routes. Stations are signposted with a 'U' symbol, which stands for Untergrundbahn (underground rail). Stuttgart ranks as one of the safest cities in Germany. Important expressways like B10, B14, B27 and B29 connect Stuttgart with its suburbs. Furthermore, the city is a significant centre of publishing and specialist printing, with renowned houses such as Georg von Holtzbrinck Publishing Group, Ernst Klett Verlag (schoolbooks), Kohlhammer Verlag, Metzler Verlag and Motor Presse having their head offices there. Several major companies are headquartered in Stuttgart, including Porsche,[10] Bosch,[11] Mercedes-Benz[12] and Daimler AG. Its metropolitan area has a population of 5.3 million (2008).[5]. C. Sebastian Sommer, "Die städtischen Siedlungen im rechtsrheinischen Obergermanien" in: Statistiches Amt, Stuttgart, July 2007. The line cost about DM 4.5 … Alternatively, Sommer (1992) suggested that the Roman site corresponds to the Civitas Aurelia G attested to in an inscription found near Ãhringen. One of the headquarters of the public Südwestrundfunk (SWR; Southwest Broadcasting) channels (several radio and one TV channel; regional focus on the southwestern German States of Baden-Württemberg and Rhineland-Palatinate) is located in Stuttgart (the other ones being Baden-Baden and Mainz). This often surprises visitors who associate the city with its reputation as the "cradle of the automobile". The Steelers play in the new Ege Trans Arena in Bietigheim. Due to the hilly surroundings, there are many road tunnels in and around Stuttgart. In July 2010, Stuttgart unveiled a new city logo, designed to entice more business people to stay in the city and enjoy breaks in the area. The city and metropolitan area are consistently ranked among the top 20 European metropolitan areas by GDP; Mercer listed Stuttgart as 21st on its 2015 list of cities by quality of living,[a][6] innovation agency 2thinknow ranked the city 24th globally out of 442 cities[b][7] and the Globalization and World Cities Research Network ranked the city as a Beta-status global city in their 2014 survey. By comparison: unemployment for the whole of Germany stood at 7.1% (8 Nov) and 8.5% (9 Feb).[161][162]. When it became clear, after many attempts to free the inmates including the smuggling of three weapons into the prison by their lawyer,[112][113] that the terrorists could not escape and that they would receive Life sentencing, the terrorists killed themselves[g] in April 1977 in an event remembered locally as the "Todesnacht von Stammheim," "Night of Death at Stammheim. The VII Corps Headquarters returned to Germany for a short period to close out operations and was deactivated later in the United States. He had grown up in a Württemberg in turmoil, and wished to rebuild its image. [70] Stuttgart had a role to play during the revolution of 1848/1849 as well. [129] In addition to this, Stuttgart serves as a Mittelzentrum for Esslingen District cities Leinfelden-Echterdingen and Filderstadt, and Ditzingen, and Gerlingen and Korntal-Münchingen in Ludwigsburg District. Information about the flight schedule, airlines, departure, check-in. In 2007, Stuttgart hosted the 2007 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships. 1800 seats). It stands next to the members of the University and citizens of the city are available. The standard gauge light rail network created by the expansion of the meter gauge streetcar, which in 1966 already reversed partially underground. The religious landscape in Stuttgart changed in 1534 as a direct result of the Reformation. Building work started in 2010 with controversial modifications to the Hauptbahnhof and was slated to be completed in 2019, then 2021 and now 2025. Though it is a rare occurrence in Stuttgart, the city sometimes receives damaging hailstorms, such as in July 2013. Later its holdings were incorporated in the Leipzig State Archive. Church records (parish registers, church books) are the main source of genealogical information in Germany before civil registration began in 1876. [19] For business, it describes itself as "Where business meets the future". [98] The Allies lost 300 aircraft and seven to ten enlisted men. Eberhard desired to expand the realm his father had built through military action with the aid of the anti-king Henry Raspe IV, Landgrave of Thuringia, but was thwarted by the action of Emperor Rudolph I. 1 History 1.1 Early History 1.1.1 Old Stuttgart 1.1.2 Stuttgart: A New Beginning 1.1.3 Stuttgart on the Rise 1.1.4 Pressures from Rival Nations 1.1.5 Stuttgart's Possible Fall 1.1.6 Good Fortune in Bad Times 1.1.7 Stuttgart's Comeback 1.1.8 Stuttgart Reborn 2 Notable Buildings 3 Notable People 4 Government and Political Affiliation 5 Economics 6 Military It is unknown who created Stuttgart … He accepted, was named Court Preacher in Stuttgart, and worked in concert with Ambrosius Blarer until his dismissal following his resistance to the Augsburg Interim by the Duke in 1548. [77] As a result, it is considered to be the starting point of the worldwide automotive industry and is sometimes referred to as the 'cradle of the automobile',[16] and today Mercedes-Benz and Porsche both have their headquarters in Stuttgart, as well as automotive parts giants Bosch and Mahle. [142] Stuttgart Ballet is connected to names like John Cranko and Marcia Haydée. Max Schnell In Killesberg Park, on a prominent hill overlooking the city, there is the miniature railway run by diesel (and on weekends with steam). There are a number of natural and artificial lakes and ponds in Stuttgart. In May 1965 Queen Elizabeth II made a state visit to Stuttgart and nearby Marbach and Schwäbisch Hall. As with many military installations, a settlement sprang up nearby and remained there even after the limes moved further east. [159] Since this time Württemberg has been predominantly Protestant. Stuttgart airport is Germany's only international airport with one runway. When internal divisions of the Frankfurt Parliament began the demise of that congress, the majority of the Frankfurt Congress voted to move to Stuttgart to flee the reach of the Prussian and Austrian armies in Frankfurt and Mainz. One former mayor was Manfred Rommel (son of perhaps the most famous German field marshal of World War II, Erwin Rommel). Other lower-division football teams are Sportfreunde Stuttgart â most famous for taking part in the Sir Thomas Lipton Trophy in 1908, considered the first World Cup[178] â and FV Zuffenhausen. The Habsburgs once again had full reign of the city for another four years, and in that time Stuttgart had to carry the burden of billeting the pro-Habsburg armies in Swabia. The strongest local water polo team is SV Cannstatt, which won the German championship in 2006. Stuttgart, like many of Germany's major cities, was ravaged throughout the war by Allied air raids. In addition to several universities and colleges (e.g. Pictured are vineyards near Obertürkheim, View of Stuttgart from atop the Birkenkopf, Neckar river flowing through Hedelfingen and Obertürkheim, Vineyards on the Neckar river in the Mühlhausen area of Stuttgart during the Autumn of 2006, Capital and largest city of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, This article is about the city in Germany. These units of soldiers retrained in patrol and policing provided the law and order in the American zone of occupied Germany until the civilian German police forces could be re-established. : You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix – to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes … According to Dorling Kindersley's Eyewitness Travel Guide to Germany, "In the city of Stuttgart, every third inhabitant is a foreigner." Neu Stuttgart IV was the fourth planet in the Neu Stuttgart system, and the only habitable planet in the system.. History. It participates in the Australian Football League Germany when they play their home games in the Eberhard-Bauer-Stadion. [8] Stuttgart was one of the host cities for the official tournaments of the 1974 and 2006 FIFA World Cups. [98] With the war increasingly turning against the Third Reich, more and more troops were pulled from the defence of the city in 1943 to fight on the Eastern Front. [9], Stuttgart is also a transport junction, and possesses the sixth-largest airport in Germany. [52] Recovery would be slow for the next several decades, but began nonetheless with the city's first bookstore in 1650 and high school in 1686. Since the changes in city statutes on 1 July 2007 and 1 January 2009, the total number of quarters rose to 152.[167]. [37], In 1488, Stuttgart officially became the de facto residence of the Count himself as opposed to the location of his home, the Old Castle. Stuttgart is known for its rich cultural heritage, in particular its State Theatre (Staatstheater) and State Gallery (Staatsgalerie). After 1819 the community elected its own community mayor or 'SchultheiÃ'. [74] A decade later, the Königsbau was constructed by Knapp and court architect Christian Friedrich von Leins as a concert hall. The University of Stuttgart is one of the city's higher education institutions. [120] In 2008 a memorial to the US Constabulary was installed and dedicated at Patch Barracks. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. [20], Stuttgart is a city with a high number of immigrants. Since 2008 the women's volleyball team Allianz MTV Stuttgart (until 2010 Allianz Volley Stuttgart, until 2012 Smart Allianz Stuttgart) plays in the Deutsche Volleyball-Bundesliga. The club was founded in 1893 and won the German championship five times ( 1950 , 1952 , 1984 , 1992 , 2007 ). [f] The circumstances of what later became known as "The Stuttgart Crisis" provoked political repercussions that reached even the White House. Since this time Stuttgart has mainly been governed by the CDU. The "Archive instigator" is dedicated to the dead of the city. the sixth largest German city and Stuttgart … An early concept of the Marshall Plan aimed at supporting reconstruction and economic/political recovery across Europe was presented during a speech 6 September 1946 given by US Secretary of State James F. Byrnes at the Stuttgart Opera House. 1 Format of Competition 2 Competition Schedule 3 List of Competitors 4 Results 4.1 Team 4.2 Individual 5 Gallery 6 External Links The Stuttgart World Cup differed from the others, as it involved a team … [98] In totality, Stuttgart was subjected to 53 bombing raids, resulting in the destruction of 57.7% of all buildings in the city,[e] the deaths of 4,477 inhabitants, the disappearance of 85 citizens, and the injury of 8,908 more people. It includes the stocks of the county and the duchy Württemberg until 1806, the Württemberg central authorities of the 19th and 20th century and the early 19th century as a result of media coverage of fallen Württemberg gentlemen and imperial cities in South Württemberg. Klett also dramatically expanded the public transportation of Stuttgart with the Stuttgart Stadtbahn and, in 1961, initiated a city partnership with the French city of Strasbourg as part of an attempt to mend Franco-German relations. This article also includes the village of Wolfschlugen. In the 22nd century, the Neu Stuttgart system was used as a dumping ground by the United States for Europeans and Middle Easterners who had paid the American space program to ship them off … Stuttgart also has several famous breweries such as Stuttgarter Hofbräu, Dinkelacker, and Schwaben Bräu. In the 1457, the first Landtag of the Estates of Württemberg was established in Stuttgart and a similar institution was established in Leonberg. Stuttgart still experienced some growing pains even long after its recovery from the Second World War. The 2016 Stuttgart World Cup, also known as the EnBW Turn-WeltCup, will be held from March 18-20 in Stuttgart, Germany. The Stuttgart-based Pentecostal Gospel Forum is the largest place of worship (megachurch) in Germany. [130], Stuttgart experiences an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb),[131] just like the British Isles and Northern France, but it is very extreme at times. 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[110] Since the 1950s, Stuttgart has been the third largest city in southern Germany behind Frankfurt and Munich. Template:Infobox Metro The Stuttgart light rail of the Stuttgart trams AG (SSB) since 1985 is part of the rail rapid transit in Stuttgart. [80], At the end of the First World War, November revolutionaries[81] stormed the Wilhelmpalais on 30 November 1918 to force King Wilhelm II to abdicate, but failed halfway. [34] When the peasants Ulrich had crushed before rose once again in the German Peasants' War,[40][41] Stuttgart was occupied by the peasant armies for a few days in the Spring of 1525. [34] Nevertheless, the existence of a settlement here (despite the terrain being more suited for that original stud farm) during the High Middle Ages is provided by a gift registry from Hirsau Abbey dated to around 1160 that mentions a "Hugo de Stuokarten". Although the attack on the city was to be conducted by the US Seventh Army's 100th Infantry Division, French leader Charles de Gaulle found this to be unacceptable, as he felt the capture of the region by Free French forces would increase French influence in post-war decisions. Stuttgart has 613,392 people within city limits. Of them, only 180 held in Internment survived the Shoah.[96][97]. [26] Duke Christoph also responded to the increasing made for drinking water by embarking upon a massive hydraulic engineering project in the form of a 2,810 feet (860 m) tunnel to Pffaf Lake, the Glems, and the Nesenbach from 1566 to 1575. Stuttgart's Swabian cuisine, beer and wine have been produced in the area since the 17th century and are now famous throughout Germany and beyond. Wine remained Stuttgart's leading source of income well into the 19th century. [71] Even though the Congress may have had contacts with revolutionaries in Baden and Württemberg,[72] the Congress, not popular with the content citizens of Stuttgart,[72] were driven out by the King's army.[72]. The Stuttgart 21 project will include the rebuilding of surface and underground lines connecting the station in Stuttgart's enclosed central valley with existing railway and underground lines. Today, four of these schools are located in Stuttgart. An established team currently playing in the German Bundesliga, VfB was founded in 1893 and has won five German titles since 1950, most recently in 1992 and 2007. The continuing importance of wine to the local economy is marked every year at the annual wine festival ('Weindorf'). [107] Klett's Stuttgart saw two major media events: the same year the partnership with Strasbourg was finalized, then French president Charles de Gaulle visited the city and Ludwigsburg Palace in the ending moments of his state visit to Germany,[108] and Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom visited the city 24 May 1965.[109]. Mikhail Gorbachev, while on a trip to West Germany to offer a spot for a West German astronaut in a Soviet space mission,[115] visited Stuttgart 14 June 1989 and was the honored guest of a sumptuous reception held at the New Palace.[116]. Further resistance by Eberhard I against the Emperor's created Vogts and Bailiwicks as well as the newly appointed Duke of Swabia Rudolf II, Duke of Austria, eventually led to armed conflict and initial successes upon Emperor Rudolph I's death in 1291 against the Emperor's men.
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